Within a ring of avenues surrounding the city centre, there are squares, numbered from A1 to U6, instead of street names. Mannheim is unusual among German cities in that its city centre streets and avenues are laid out in a grid pattern, leading to city's nickname Quadratestadt ( Square City). Upstream along the Neckar lies Heidelberg, the fifth-largest city of Baden-Württemberg and the third-largest of the Rhine-Neckar Region. Some northern suburbs of Mannheim belong to Hesse. It forms a continuous conurbation of around 480,000 inhabitants with Ludwigshafen am Rhein in the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the other side of the Rhine. Together with Hamburg, Mannheim is the only German city bordering two other federal states. The city lies in the Upper Rhine Plain, Germany's warmest region. Mannheim is located at the confluence of the Rhine and the Neckar in the Kurpfalz ( Electoral Palatinate) region of northwestern Baden-Württemberg. The city is the cultural and economic centre of the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region, Germany's seventh-largest metropolitan region with nearly 2.4 million inhabitants and over 900,000 employees. Mannheim ( German pronunciation: ( listen) Palatine German: Mannem or Monnem), officially the University City of Mannheim ( German: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 21st-largest city, with a 2021 population of 311,831 inhabitants. Aerial view of the city centre showing the grid layout
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